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Sorry, it's been a while since I ran the game on Linux without launching it from Steam and forgot to include run instructions.
You should be able to run the game like this:
path/to/steam/bin32/steam-runtime/run.sh path/to/game/Locomancer.x86_64
However, when I just ran it, it kept spewing about failing to create a pipe to the Steam API, so I might need to rebuild it with the Steam API ripped out. I left it in because it's used for multiplayer/workshop support and not DRM.
Let me know and I can rebuild it if necessary.
Does the game crash at that point or does it hang? I was dumb/lazy and never made it so that loading the game didn't block the main thread so when you launch the game it sits there for about a minute loading/initializing everything. It might be that the vulkan driver thinks it's lost the device, but it's actually just taking forever to respond.
I was able to repro the hang that you're seeing as well as the occasional run. So I tried to update to 440, but the latest I could see was 430. I updated to that and then Steam decided that it needed a specific version of libgl. So then I tried upgrading Steam from apt-get and now it kind of looks like it's trying to build Steam from source...I'll keep trying.