I'm extremely impressed you were able to build a 2D Kerbal-like in a game jam. (Funny that I came across this - I have been building a 2D Kerbal-like called Celestial Golf for two years, so I'm very familiar with what it takes to put something like this together - check it out on Steam if you're interested.)
It's really cool that you've got the trajectory prediction as well as the mouse-over to show where the asteroid will be at that time. That really helps. I still found it very hard to hit the asteroid, mostly because of the abrupt transition between map and "real" view - I got the ship very close to the asteroid but just a bit too far away to see both of them in the "real" view (I could see them both together briefly but then they drifted apart), then zooming out slightly to map view made it useless to see where they were in relation to one another and I lost it. I would like it if that zoom was more seamless.
Also I'm not sure if the limited length of the trajectory was a technical limitation or a design choice, but it would be good to be able to visualize the full orbit of the rocket and not just about 1/3 of the way around (I found that I had to guess where it's going to go, then speed up time and wait until I'm fairly close before the trajectory would show for sure).
Anyway this is really impressive!