I had a lot of fun with this! I do like a good puzzle and this game did a great job at racking my brain. I see a lot of potential in this concept. The only improvement I can think of off the top of my head would be to add some explanations for the components you add, like hovering over them to trigger a textbox that tells you the name and something you might find useful!
For example with those teleporters:
"Teleporter. Teleports a marble from one place to another. Marbles go in the blue portal and out the orange."
Something like that would've definitely saved me the confusion when the marbles didn't go through the orange portal haha.
All in all, good game!