We have the exact same problem as before writing my post, I did too try to run it from terminal and it gave the same GLIBC_2.4.3 error.
Seems like it's also happening with the new update (0.5.3) for linux.
I lack a lot of knowledge surrounding most stuff about linux, but I use a steam deck so it's arch/steamos. When I bought the game, version 0.5.1 worked fine and now that 0.5.2 is out, I tried launching it but it comes up with a Godot error.